National bird (Lophophorus).

The Himalayan monal (Lophophorus impejanus) also known as the impeyan monal, impeyan pheasant, and danphe, is a bird in the pheasant family,Phasianidae. It is the national bird of Nepal, where it is known as danphe, and state bird of Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh, India, where it is known as monal.

Traditionally, the Himalayan monal has been classified as monophyletic. However, studies have shown that the male Himalayan monal of northwestern India lacks the white rump of other Himalayan monals, and it has more green on the breast, indicating the possibility of a second subspecies.

It is a relatively large-sized pheasant. The bird is about 70 centimeters long. The male weighs up to 2380 grams and the female 2150. The adult male has multicoloured plumage throughout, while the female, as in other pheasants, is dull in colour. Notable features in the male include a long, metallic green crest, coppery feathers on the back and neck, and a prominent white rump that is most visible when the bird is in flight. The tail feathers of the male are uniformly rufous, becoming darker towards the tips, whereas the lower tail coverts of females are white, barred with black and red. The female has a prominent white patch on the throat and a white strip on the tail. The first-year male and the juvenile resemble the female, but the first-year male is larger and the juvenile is less distinctly marked.

National game (Dandi Biyo).

Dandi Biyo  is a game usually played in rural Nepal and is the national game. Dandi Biyo is played with a stick (Dandi) about two feet long and a wooden pin (Biyo) about six inches long. The pin is a small wooden stick with pointed ends. It is similar to the Indian game Gilli Danda.
Dandi Biyo is played by two or more players. The wooden pin is laid across a four-inch deep hole in the ground. One player puts one end of the stick inside the hole and holds the other end. The player jerks the stick against the pin to launch the pin into the air while other players called 'fielders' try to catch the pin. If one of the fielders catch the pin in the air, the turn is over and the catcher takes the stick. If the pin instead hits the ground, that player plays to score. One of the fielders then throws the pin into the hole while the player tries to hit and throw the pin away. If the pin goes into the hole, the player's turn is over and the points accumulated by the player automatically becomes zero. If the pin doesn't go into the hole, the player plays to score by hitting the pin at one end by the stick. In another version of the game, a circular boundary of about one meter diameter is drawn on the ground. The player throws the pin into the circle from a distance of about two meters. If the pin lies within the circle the player continues to play and score.
The game was mostly played by Nepali youths and was very popular between 1980's and 1990's when modern toys and games were not available.

Dandi Biyo is one of many such games that were locally developed in the rural areas reflecting use of local tools and techniques. In the context of modern games, Dandi Biyo is very close to Cricket. The player can be compared to the "batsman" and the other players to the "fielders".

National dance.( folk dance).

FoLk dance which have been practiced since ancient times is called classical dance. A traditional  dance of a particular people or area is called folk dance  . Classical dance is performed according to classical music whereas folk dance is performed according to folk music. The examples of some classical and folk dance are given below:

Dhan Naach: Dhan Naach folk dance is practiced among the Limbu community. Some people of Rai community also perform this dance. The youths of Limbu community perform this dance holding each other’s hand during any Mela-Parba. The song sung with this dance is called Palam.

Chandi Naach: The Rai community performs this dance playing Dhola-Jhyamta and singing Chandi song during the festival of Udhyauli and Ubhauli.

Dandi (Fagu) Naach: Dandi (Fagu) Naach dance is performed by using sticks during Holy in the central and eastern teari. 

Gauna Nritya: Gauna Nritya is the dance based on Mithila tradition and is performed in Janakpur.

Kaura Naach: Kaura Naach dance is performed along with Kaura song and and is practiced among the Magar community of Western Development Region. 

Madikhole Naach: Madikhole Naach is practiced in Mid-Western region of Nepal.

Deuda Naach: Deuda Naach dance is practiced in Mid-Western and Far-Western region and the dance is performed is groups holding each other’s hand in a circle.

Mundhum Naach: Mundhum is the holy book of Kirants and the dance based on Mundhum is called Mundhum dance. Mundhum Naach is practiced in hill regions of Eastern Nepal. 

Chyabrung: Chyabrung dance is also practiced among the Limbu community in the hill regions of Eastern Nepal. The dance is performed according to the tune of Chyabrung.

Hopcha: Hopcha is the traditional classical dance of Rai community and is mostly practiced in Dhankuta.

Charya Nritya: Charya Nritya dance is practiced in kathmandu and presents the dance of Gods and Goddesses.

Ghatu Nritya: Ghatu Nritya is practised among the Gurung community of Gandaki zone. The unmarried girls of 11 to 19 years age perform it. The teacher (Guruba/Guruaama) makes entire of God to the body of girls through Tantra-mantra and the girls dance.

Bhairav Nritra: Bhairav Nritra dance is practiced in Kathmandu and Pokhara. People dance wearing the clothes and masks of Bhairav.

Sorathi Nritya: Sorathi Nritya is the traditional classical dance of Gurung community.

Hanuman Nritya: Hanuman Nritya is practiced in Baglung. People disguise themselves as Hanuman and dance.

Charitra Nritya: Charitra Nritya dance is performed acting about the people of ancient stories and it is practiced in the terai reason.

Maruni Naach: Maruni Naach dance is performed by the men wearing the dress of women. Maruni Naach is practiced in the Eastern hills of Nepal. 

Khyali Naach: Khyali Naach dance is performed on the basic of Khyali song. Khyali Naach is also called Pangdure dance.

Taraware Naach: Taraware Naach is the traditional folk dance of Gandarva community.

Chhokara Naach: Chhokara Naach is practiced in the Far-western region of Nepal.

Singaru Naach: Singaru Naach is practiced in the Mid-Western region.

Hudkeli Nritya: Hudkeli Nritya dance is performed on the basic of mythological stories and practiced in the Far-western region of Nepal.

Devi Naach: Devi Naach dance is performed from Gai Jatra to Indra Jatra inKathmandu. Devi Naach is the special dance of Bhaktapur.

National food.( Dhindo)

Nepalese cuisine refers to the food eaten in Nepal. The country's cultural and geographic diversity provides ample space for a variety of cuisines based on ethnicity and on soil and climate. Nevertheless dal-bhat-tarkari is eaten throughout the country. Dal is a soup made of lentil sand spices. This is served over boiled grain, bhat—usually rice but sometimes another grain—with vegetable curry, tarkari. Condiments are usually small amounts of extremely spicy or pickle (achaar, अचार) which can be fresh or fermented. The variety of these is staggering, said to number in the thousands.^[1] Other accompaniments may be sliced lemon (nibuwa) or lime (kagati) and fresh green chili, hariyo khursani. Dhindo is traditional food of Nepal.

Much of the cuisine is variation on Asian themes. Other foods have hybrid Tibetan, Indian and Thai origins. Momo—Tibetan types dumplings with Nepali spices—are important in Newa cuisine. They were originally filled with buffalo meat but now also with goat or chicken as well as vegetarian preparations. Special foods such as sel roti and patre are eaten during festivals such as Tihar. New food varieties have been introduced such as taas, similar to shish kebab.

National language.(Nepali)

The 2011 National census lists 123 languages spoken as a mother tongue (first language) in Nepal. Most belong to the Indo-Aryan and Sino-Tibetanlanguage families. An overview of Nepali languages is found in the work of Toba, Toba, and Rai.

The official language of Nepal is Nepali (नेपाली), formerly called Khaskura then Gorkhali. According to the 2011 national census, the percentage of people with Nepali as the mother tongue is 44.6%.

Three quarters of the hundred or so languages native to Nepal belong to theTibeto-Burman language family; this includes Nepal Bhasa (Newar) (the original language of Kathmandu), the Tamang, Magar and various Rai and Limbu languages.The Dravidian languages are represented by Kurux, and the Munda languages of the Austroasiatic family by Santali andMundari.

The indigenous languages of Nepal that predated the influx of Indic, Tibeto-Burman, and other families barely survive in theKusunda language, which is nearly extinct today.

National emblem

The national emblem of Nepal was changed during the reconciliation period following the Nepalese Civil War. On 30 December 2006, a new coat of arms was introduced. It contains the flag of Nepal, Mount Everest, green hills symbolising the hilly regions of Nepal and yellow colour symbolising the fertile terai region, male and female hands joining to symbolise gender equality, and a garland of rhododendrons (the national flower). Atop this is a white silhouette in the shape of Nepal. At the base of the design a red scroll carries the national motto in 

Sanskrit: जननी जन्मभूमिश्च स्वर्गादपी गरीयसी (jananī janmabhūmiśca svargādapi garīyasī), which translates as "The mother and the motherland are greater than heaven."

National animal (cow)

Cow is the national animal of Nepal. Most of the people of Nepal are Hindus and cow is worshipped as the goddess of wealth (Goddess Laxmi). Killing of cow is prohibited in the hindu religion and in Nepal.

There are many breeds of cattle. Cows are large and stocky, although the breeds differ in coluor, shape, size, presence of horns, and hair length.

Behavior:
Cows live in herds with a structured, social hierarchy.

Diet:
Cows are grazing herbivores. They eat grass, stems, and other plant material.

Habitat:Domestic cattle live in varied habitats. They can live anywhere with enough grass, stems, or other plant material to support their grazing.

Animals that look similar:In research camera photos, cows may look similar to other livestock such as yaks or the related zomo (a cow-yak hybrid).

National costomes

National costumes of Nepal are really good and attractive different from other countries. Costumes of Nepal aremost beautiful and meaningful than others. The custom, family, food and clothing and other traditional rites and rituals of Nepalese people are associated with the economic condition, cultural environment and geographical diversity of the country. The lifestyles are different in different places due to geographical diversity, religion and language. Cultural diversity can be observed in the birth, death and marriage among different communities. Join family system is very popular in Nepal. There are many examples where three or four generations live in a large family. It is also found that the nuclear family has been getting popularity in urban areas since long.

The clothes are used according to their geographical belt in Nepal. People of the mountain belt wear thick and long woolen clothes called Bakku and Docha. The people of the hilly region wear Kachhar, Bhoto and cap. The Terai people wear Dhoti and long shirt called Kurta. The Mayalposh Suruwal, coat and cap are the national dressof Nepalese people. Fariya (sari) and Cholo (Blouse) are popular among the Terai females. Women wear the dresses also Patuka and Shawl called Panchhyyaura. Besides our national attire, people use western dressesand clothes, too in Nepal.

National weapons (khukuri)

The kukri or khukuri  is a Nepalese knife with an inwardly curved edge, similar to a machete , used as both a tool and as a weapon in Nepal and neighbouring countries of South Asia. Traditionally it was, and in many cases still is, the basic utility knife of the Nepalese people. It is a characteristic weapon of the Nepalese army, the Royal Gurkha Rifles and of all Gurkha regiments throughout the world, so much so that many English-speakers refer to the weapon as a "Gurkha blade" or "Gurkha knife". The kukri often appears in Nepalese  heraldry and is used in many traditional rituals such as wedding ceremonies.

National flag

The Nepal Flag was officially adopted on December 16, 1962 and it is the only national flag that is not rectangle or square. 
Symbolism 
The blue border in the National Flag of Nepal symbolizes peace, while red is the colour of the Rhododendron- Nepal's National flower. The crescent moon represents the Royal House, while the Sun is the symbol of the Rana family of Nepal. 

History
Initially the sun and moon in the National flag of Nepal had human faces, but they were removed when the flag was updated in 1962. The flag is said to express the hope that Nepal will endure as long as the sun and the moon exist. The present National Flag of Nepal was adopted on December 16, 1962. The flag of Nepal is the only national flag which is not rectangular in shape. It is based upon two separate pennants which belonged to rival branches of the Rana dynasty, which formerly ruled the country. The two pennants were first joined in the last century, but it was not adopted as the official flag until 1962, the year in which the constitutional form of government was established in Nepal.

National colour (Crimson)

Crimson is a strong, deep red color. It originally meant the colour of the kermes dye   produced from a scale insect,kermes vermilio , but the name is now sometimes also used as a generic term for slightly reddish-blue colors that are between red and rose. The color crimson is a bright red with a tinge of blue. It's often considered the color of fresh blood (blood red). Dark crimson is close to maroon.

National flower (Rhododendron)

Rhododendron is a genus characterised by shrubs and small to (rarely) large trees, the smallest species growing to 10–100 cm (3.9–39.4 in) tall, and the largest, to 30 m (98 ft) tall.The leaves are spirally arranged; leaf size can range from 1–2 cm (0.39–0.79 in) to over 50 cm (20 in), exceptionally 100 cm (39 in) . They may be either evergreen or deciduous . In some species, the undersides of the leaves are covered with scales (lepidote) or hairs (indumentum). Some of the best known species are noted for their many clusters of large flowers. There are alpine species with small flowers and small leaves, and tropical species such as section Vireya that often grow asepiphytes . Species in this genus may be part of the heath complex in oak-health forest  in eastern North America. They have frequently been divided based on the presence or absence of scales on the abaxial (lower) leaf surface ( lepidote or elepidote). These scales, unique to subgenus Rhododendron, are modified hairs consisting of a polygonal scale attached by a stalk.Rhododendron are characterised by having inflorescents.